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Specific MPS formulations have been implicated in the past as a risk factor for contracting Acanthamoeba-associated keratitis, with evidentiary ribosomal presence of the organism in the solution which indicated a clear relationship between use and disease. The overall ineffectiveness of leading commercial MPS formulations against Acanthamoeba is not surprising as the majority of these products contain chemically similar active ingredients which possess minimal antiprotozoal properties. Current commercially available lens care multipurpose disinfection solutions (MPS) products have shown to provide minimal efficacy against Acanthamoeba species during routine cleaning and while soaking in contact lens cases. Ĭontact lens storage cases, therefore, represent a major exposure pathway for this pathogen into the eye of contact lens wearers. Contact lens wear is a risk factor for contracting the disease, and incidence of Acanthamoeba-associated keratitis has increased worldwide over the past 20 years due to the popularity of contact lenses and the individuals that use reusable contact lenses. The etiology of Acanthamoeba keratitis has been associated with contact lens use where the protozoa is transmitted from water in a contaminated storage case to the eye via the contact lens. It is also well-accepted that Acanthamoeba can act as a facultative parasite that is, among other pathologies, associated with sight-threating eye infection. Acanthamoeba exists in two forms including a metabolically active and more susceptible trophozoite form, and a dormant, highly resistant cyst form. Future MPS development should consider inclusion of novel chemical entities that are effective against Acanthamoeba species to speed disinfection and further reduce the exposure potential of users of contact lenses and cleaning systems.Īcanthamoeba are saprophytic infectious multiform protozoa found globally in numerous environments including waterways, swimming pools, distilled water, air samples, and even human tissues.
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In addition, comparative results with the bacterial agent in the control study show distinct differences in the speed to disinfection with the novel MPS. The representative commercially available MPS used in this testing provided minimal effectiveness against the protozoa regardless of contact time. Results suggest that the inclusion of a novel ingredient combination within the MPS under development clearly is required and is ideal for rapid and effective killing of Acanthamoeba species in the context of contact lens disinfection systems. In contrast, the experimental MPS achieved disinfection in 60 min contact time, and complete kill (< 1 CFU) at 90 min. Each commercial MPS required 6 h contact time to achieve a two to three log reduction in S. In contrast, the novel MPS achieved complete kill within 1 h contact time for both Acanthamoeba trophozoite and cysts.
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Minimal effectiveness against either Acanthamoeba form was observed from either commercial MPS. To assess the general antimicrobial potency of each solution as controls for the anti-amoebic assays, comparative bactericidal effectiveness using Serratia marcenses was also performed. An alamar blue-based cellular respiration assay was used to assess effectiveness against trophozoites Trypan blue hemocytometer-based microscopic counts measured cysticidal effects. castellanii was propagated for trophozoite or cyst-containing cultures for the purpose of assessment of effectiveness of each MPS. A multipurpose contact lens cleaning solution (MPS) containing novel active ingredients under development was compared to two commercially available MPS solutions for effectiveness against Acanthamoeba isolates.